Data Science Foundations
I PREFACE
Welcome to the General Data Science – Visualization (VIZ) Layer
📘 What You’ll Learn
🌟 Turn Data Into Insight
II DATA VISUALIZATION
1
What are common data types in Python and R?
1.1
Explanation
1.2
Common Data Types in Python and R
2
How do you inspect variable types in a dataset?
2.1
Explanation
2.2
Python Code
2.3
R Code
3
How do you convert variable types in a dataset?
3.1
Explanation
3.2
Python Code
3.3
R Code
4
What is the difference between categorical and numerical variables?
4.1
Explanation
4.1.1
🔷 Categorical Variables
4.1.2
🔶 Numerical Variables
5
How do you summarize numerical and categorical variables?
5.1
Explanation
5.2
Python Code
5.3
R Code
6
What are the most effective plots for comparing values across categories?
6.1
Explanation
🔹 Common Visualization Types
📌 Choosing the Right Plot
7
How do you visualize category counts using a bar plot?
7.1
Explanation
7.2
Python Code
7.3
R Code
8
How do you compare group distributions using a boxplot?
8.1
Explanation
8.2
Python Code
8.3
R Code
9
How do you compare distribution shape and summary stats using a violin plot?
9.1
Explanation
9.2
Python Code
9.3
R Code
10
How do you visualize overlapping group distributions using a ridge plot?
10.1
Explanation
10.2
Python Code
10.3
R Code
11
How do you display individual data points by category using a swarm plot?
11.1
Explanation
11.2
Python Code
11.3
R Code
12
How do you show raw observations by group using a strip plot?
12.1
Explanation
12.2
Python Code
12.3
R Code
13
How do you show group means and variability using a bar plot?
13.1
Explanation
13.2
Python Code
13.3
R Code
14
How do you show group summaries using a dot plot?
14.1
Explanation
14.2
Python Code
14.3
R Code
15
How do you show frequency patterns using a histogram?
15.1
Explanation
15.2
Python Code
15.3
R Code
16
How do you visualize a smoothed distribution with a density plot?
16.1
Explanation
16.2
Python Code
16.3
R Code
17
How do you visualize two categorical variables with a grouped bar plot?
17.1
Explanation
17.2
Python Code
17.3
R Code
18
How do you visualize trends across ordered groups using a line plot?
18.1
Explanation
18.2
Python Code
18.3
R Code
19
How do you visualize trends for multiple groups using a line plot?
19.1
Explanation
19.2
Python Code
19.3
R Code
20
How do you show overall trend patterns using a smoothed line?
20.1
Explanation
20.2
Python Code
20.3
R Code
III PATTERN RECOGNITION AND RELATIONSHIPS
21
How do you visualize patterns and relationships in multivariate data?
21.1
Explanation
21.1.1
Key tools for visualizing relationships
21.1.2
👇 Core Questions Explored in This Section
22
How do you uncover relationships between multiple variables using a pair plot?
22.1
Explanation
22.2
Python Code
22.3
R Code
23
How do you compare distributions across groups using facet plots?
23.1
Explanation
23.2
Python Code
23.3
R Code
24
How do you enhance scatter plots by adding group color and trend lines?
24.1
Explanation
24.2
Python Code
24.3
R Code
25
How do you quantify linear relationships between numerical variables using a correlation heatmap?
25.1
Explanation
25.2
Python Code
25.3
R Code
26
How do you visualize patterns across multiple numeric features using a parallel coordinates plot?
26.1
Explanation
26.2
Python Code
26.3
R Code
27
How do you uncover structure in high-dimensional data using a PCA plot?
27.1
Explanation
27.2
Python Code
27.3
R Code
28
How do you visualize clustering patterns in high-dimensional data using a t-SNE plot?
28.1
Explanation
28.2
Python Code
28.3
R Code
29
How do you explore complex patterns in high-dimensional data using a UMAP plot?
29.1
Explanation
29.2
Python Code
29.3
R Code (UMAP via
uwot
)
30
How do you visualize simple proportions using a pie chart?
30.1
Explanation
30.2
Python Code
30.3
R Code
31
How do you create a donut chart to show part-to-whole proportions?
31.1
Explanation
31.2
R Code
32
How do you visualize hierarchical part-to-whole relationships using a treemap?
32.1
Explanation
32.2
Python Code — Interactive
32.3
Python Code — Static
32.4
R Code
33
How do you visualize overlaps using a Venn diagram?
33.1
Explanation
33.2
Python Code
33.3
R Code
VIZ Summary
🎨 What You’ve Accomplished
📐 What Comes After Visualization?
🚀 Continue Learning with CDI
Explore More Guides
Visualizing Data Patterns with Python and R
Visualizing Data Patterns with Python and R
Last updated: July 06, 2025